The long-term consequences of PFAS exposure are unclear. Given the many applications, PFAS regulation is a challenge. Regulations, both in the U.S. and the EU, have not yet been finalized. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has made recommendations for certain fluorinated substances in mainstream drinking water. Further regulatory action is pending, although a determination of the maximum allowable PFAS content has not yet been made.
The latest recommendation from the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), dated Feb. 7, 2023, recommends that all PFAS substances be restricted in their manufacture, sale and use. It was put out for public comment, giving companies the opportunity to provide comments and data for the drafting of regulations and possible exemptions. By the deadline of Sept. 25, 2023, ECHA received more than 5,600 comments, which will be screened and evaluated. Exemptions for certain uses will be considered if there is no alternative to eliminating PFASs or their use poses little risk to the environment and humans.
On November 20, 2024, ECHA published an update on the PFAS issue. The opinions are still being reviewed by the RAC (Risk Assessment Committee) and the SEAC (Socio-Economic Analysis Committee). In addition to a complete ban, temporary exemptions and alternative restrictions based on the manufacturing process and/or application are currently being discussed. Examples of possible exemptions are batteries, fuel cells and electrolysers. These have been discussed in detail so far, but are merely examples. A final decision on regulation is still pending. Detailed information can be found on the PFAS information page of the ECHA (European Chemicals Agency).
